|
16. D |
her |
We need the determiner her; hers is a pronoun. |
|
17. C |
is sold |
We need verb + complement, not complement + verb. |
|
18. D |
rather |
We need to use rather with than.
S: What is ore?
T: ore is crude metal; for example, we can
find ore in a mine. |
|
19. D |
to study |
We need the infinitive of purpose here. |
|
20. D |
which |
We should use which for things and who for people. |
|
21. A |
opened |
We need the past participle form since we have a reduced adjective
clause here. |
|
22. D |
owning |
Rule: enjoy + -ing form. |
|
23. A |
Like |
We need a preposition here. alike is an adjective and
can never be a preposition. like can be both a preposition
and an adjective. |
|
24. B |
lowest |
most lowest is redundant; -est is already the
superlative form. |
|
25. C |
its |
We need to use the determiner its here; it is
a pronoun.
S: So in this case, use is a noun?
T: You got it! Yes, this is very important to know
because it is a word commonly used on the TOEFL. |
|
26. C |
from escaping |
Even though escape can be a noun, we need to use the
gerund form of escape here since we are talking about
the action.
S: What about the preposition from?
T: We need to use from with keep, just like we
say prevent from. |
|
27. B |
valued
or
valuable |
We need to use the past participle here because we want to
say that the pecan tree is valued. Even though it is
grammatically correct to use noun + be-verb + noun, it
doesn't make sense in this case to say that a pecan tree
is value. |
|
28. B |
collections |
We need the plural form since we are talking about three. |
|
29. A |
protection |
We have parallel structure here--protection is a noun
that is parallel with Insulation and camouflage;
all three of these are the main subject.
T: Do you guys know what camouflage and insulation
mean?
S: camouflage is a noun that means a kind of disguise.
T: Right, for example, soldiers often wear a kind of green
and brown colored uniform so that they can be camouflaged
in the jungle.
So, what about insulation?
S: It's a noun. For example, a Thermos insulates coffee.
T: Right. insulate means to keep the temperature the
same. For example, houses in cold parts of the world have to
have a lot of insulation in the roofs so that the heat
will not escape. |
|
30. C |
recent |
We need the adjective form here because we are modifying the
noun surge. |
|
31. C |
solve
or
to solve |
After help we need either the base form, solve,
or the infinitive form to solve.
By the way, help is the only regular verb in English
that can be followed with either the base form or the infinitive.
S: What about secretary? Shouldn't we say a secretary?
T: Unfortunately, this is one of those exceptions that we have
to remember. Here's the rule:
If we are using a singular count noun as a job title, usually
something important, we do not have to use the determiner. This
is important to know for the TOEFL. For example, you might see
something like this on the TOEFL:
Poet and essayist Maya Angelou is known by her
writings on African-American life in the United
States.
In this sentence, a lot of students might think that Poet
and essayist is wrong because we would need to say The
poet and essayist. However, we do not need to use a determiner
with job titles.
S: So, is it wrong to use a determiner?
T: No, it's not wrong, it's optional.
Do you want some more examples of job titles that you might
see on the TOEFL?
S: Yes, please.
T: Okay, here are some:
poet
essayist
author
photographer
painter
playwright
president secretary |
|
32. A |
evident |
We need the adjective form since we are modifying a noun, Faults.
T: Do you guys know what faults means?
S: I think so. For example, there is a very big fault
here in California that causes earthquakes, kind of like a long
hole. Am I right?
T: You got it! |
|
33. B |
benefit from |
Remember the preposition combination:
benefit + from |
|
34. D |
fifteenth |
We need the ordinal form since we are talking about a certain
century. If we want to use fifteen, then we would have
to say fifteen centuries, right? |
|
35. D |
those |
When we want to use a pronoun with of + noun after it,
we should use those, not them. |
|
36. B |
since |
We need to use since here because we are talking about
something that started in the past and has continued until the
present. |
|
37. B |
settings |
We need to use the plural form since we have the determiner
several. |
|
38. C |
native plants |
We need the adjective before the noun. |
|
39. C |
slender |
We have parallel structure here--slender is parallel
with long and brownish. All three
of these adjectives modify Some insects.
|
|
40. C |
intentionally |
We need to use the adverb form here to modify the verb add.
S: I chose (B) because chemical looks like an adjective.
T: Yeah, I know. A lot of people do that. Unfortunately, chemical
is one of those words that can be either a noun or an adjective. |
